Feeding habits of the Guiana Dolphin Sotalia guianensis in the southwestern Gulf of Venezuela

Autores/as

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.22370/rbmo.2025.60.2.5963

Palabras clave:

Guiana dolphin, stomach contents, otoliths, prey compositions

Resumen

The diet of the Guiana dolphin Sotalia guianensis in the southwestern Gulf of Venezuela, Zulia State, Venezuela, was investigated through the analysis of stomach contents from 12 dead individuals (11 adults and one juvenile) recovered from incidental captures in artisanal trammel nets and stranding events between 2003 and 2005. A total of 16 prey taxa (15 teleost species and one cephalopod species) were identified from fish otoliths and cephalopod beaks. Numerical frequency (%NF), frequency of occurrence (%FO), and the Relative Importance Index (RII) were calculated for each prey taxon. A total of 327 prey items were recorded in the stomach contents, with teleost fishes constituting the main prey group. The cephalopod Doryteuthis pleii and the nematode Anisakis sp. were each recorded in a single stomach. The most important prey species were the rhomboid mojarra Diapterus rhombeus (Gerreidae, %NF= 42.60; %FO= 54.55; RII= 2323.83) and the acoupa weakfish Cynoscion acoupa (Sciaenidae, %NF= 17.16; %FO= 18.18; RII= 312.0). These results provide the first detailed description of the diet of S. guianensis in the southwestern Gulf of Venezuela and establish a baseline for future studies on its feeding ecology, trophic interactions, and conservation in the region.

Descargas

Los datos de descarga aún no están disponibles.

Biografía del autor/a

Referencias

Abarca-Arenas LG, E Valero-Pacheco, CA Delfín-Alfonso, E Morteo-Ortiz & J Franco-López. 2022. Redes tróficas como herramienta para el estudio de la diversidad y complejidad de ecosistemas. Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad 93, e934126. <https://doi.org/10.22201/ib.20078706e.2022.93.4126>

Acevedo R. 2001. Distribución y caracterización de hábitats de los cetáceos marinos reportados en las costas de Venezuela. Trabajo Especial de Grado, Escuela de Biología, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas, 242 pp.

Andrade G. 2005. Análisis bioeconómico de la pesquería secuencial del camarón blanco (Litopenaeus schmitti) y su aplicación para el manejo del recurso en el occidente de Venezuela. Tesis Doctoral, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México, 165 pp.

Arocha F. 1991. Some studies of Loligo plei and occurrence of Loligo pealei (Cephalopoda: Myopsida) in Northeastern Venezuela. Acta Científica Venezolana 42: 145-152.

Azevedo AF, J Lailson-Brito, PR Dorneles, M Van-Sluys, HA Cunha & ABL Fragoso. 2009. Human-induced injuries to marine tucuxis (Sotalia guianensis) (Cetacea: Delphinidae) in Brazil. Marine Biodiversity Records 2, e22. <https://doi.org/10.1017/S1755267208000262>

Barrios-Garrido H, S Boher-Bentti, K De Turris-Morales, N Espinoza, A Ferrer-Pérez, OL Herrera-Trujillo, T León, L Oviedo, D Pirela, M Portocarrero-Aya, L Sánchez-Criollo, F Trujillo & J Bolaños-Jiménez. 2015. Tonina costera Sotalia guianensis (Van Bénedén, 1864). En: Rodríguez JP, A García-Rawlins & F Rojas-Suárez (eds). Libro rojo de la fauna venezolana, pp. 1-5. Provita y Fundación Empresas Polar, Caracas.

Barros N & M Clarke. 2009. Diet. In: Perrin WF, B Wursig & JGM Thewissen (eds). Encyclopedia of marine mammals, pp. 311-316. Academic Press, Amsterdam. <https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-373553-9.00076-6>

Barros N & R Teixeira. 1994. Incidental catch of marine tucuxi, Sotalia fluviatilis, in Alagoas, northeastern Brazil. Reports of the International Whaling Commission, Special Issue 15: 265-268.

Bolaños-Jiménez J, D Pirela, J Rojas & T León. 2008. Bufeo Negro, Sotalia guianensis Van Beneden 1863. En: Rodríguez JP & F Rojas-Suárez (eds). Libro rojo de la Fauna de Venezuela, pp. 112. Provita y Shell Venezuela S.A., Caracas.

Borobia M & N Barros. 1989. Notes on the diet of marine Sotalia fluviatilis. Marine Mammal Science 5: 395-399. <https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-7692.1989.tb00353.x>

Bowen WD & SJ Iverson. 2013. Methods of estimating marine mammal diets: A review of validation experiments and sources of bias and uncertainty. Marine Mammal Science 29(4): 719-754. <https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-7692.2012.00604.x>

Bowen WD & DB Siniff. 1999. Distribution, population biology, and feeding ecology of marine mammals. In: Reynolds JE & SA Rommel (eds). Biology of marine mammal, pp. 423-484. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington.

Briceño Y, L Sánchez, F Trujillo, L von-Fersen & S Ramírez. 2021. Aquatic wildmeat consumption of guiana dolphins (Sotalia guianensis) in Lake Maracaibo System, Venezuela Frontiers 8, 625801. <https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2021.625801>

Caballero S, F Trujillo, JA Vianna, H Barrios-Garrido, MG Montiel, S Beltran-Pedreros & CS Baker. 2007. Taxonomic status of the genus Sotalia: species level ranking for ¨tucuxi¨ (Sotalia fluviatilis) and ¨costero¨ (Sotalia guianensis) dolphins. Marine Mammal Science 23: 358-386. <https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-7692.2007.00110.x>

Caballero S, C Hollatz, S Rodriguez, F Trujillo & CS Baker. 2018. Population structure of Riverine and coastal dolphins Sotalia fluviatilis and Sotalia guianensis: Patterns of nuclear and mitochondrial diversity and implications for conservation. Journal of Heredity 109: 757-770. <https://doi.org/10.1093/jhered/esy049>

Cervigón F. 1991. Los peces marinos de Venezuela. Volumen I, 425 pp. Fundación Científica Los Roques, Caracas.

Cervigón F. 1993. Los peces marinos de Venezuela. Volumen II, 497 pp. Fundación Científica Los Roques, Caracas.

Cervigón F. 1994. Los peces marinos de Venezuela. Volumen III, 295 pp. Fundación Científica Los Roques, Caracas.

Cervigón F. 1996. Los peces marinos de Venezuela. Volumen IV, 254 pp. Editorial Ex Libris, Caracas.

Clarke MR. 1986. A handbook for the identification of cephalopod beaks, 273 pp. Clarendon Press, Oxford

Cremer MJ, PC Pinheiro & PC Simões-Lopes. 2012. Prey consumed by Guiana dolphin Sotalia guianensis (Cetacea, Delphinidae) and franciscana dolphin Pontoporia blainvillei (Cetacea, Pontoporiidae) in an estuarine environment in southern Brazil. Iheringia, Série Zoologia 102(2): 131-137. <https://doi.org/10.1590/S0073-47212012000200003>

Da Silva VMF & RC Best. 1996. Sotalia fluviatilis. Mammalian Species. 527: 1-7.

De Turris-Morales K, G Delgado-Ortega, N Espinoza-Rodríguez, MG Montiel-Villalobos & H Barrios-Garrido. 2010. Nota sobre el comportamiento alimenticio del Delfín Estuarino (Sotalia guianensis) en la costa occidental del Lago de Maracaibo. Ecotrópicos 23: 114-116.

Edwards H & G Schnell. 2001. Status and ecology of Sotalia fluviatilis in the Cayos Miskito Reserve, Nicaragua. Marine Mammal Science 17: 445-472. <https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-7692.2001.tb00998.x>

Estes JA, J Terborgh, JS Brashares, ME Power, J Berger, WJ Bond, SR Carpenter, TE Essington, RD Holt, JBCJackson, RJ Marquis, L Oksanen, T Oksanen, RT Paine, EK Pikitch, WJ Ripple, SA Sandin, M Scheffer, TW Schoener, JB Shurin, ARE Sinclair, ME Soulé, R Virtanen & DAWardle. 2011. Trophic downgrading of planet Earth. Science 333(6040): 301-306. <https://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.120510>

Geraci JR & V Lounsbury. 2005. Marine mammals ashore: A field guide for strandings, 371 pp Texas A&M University Sea Grant College Program, Galveston.

Gil K. 2000. Abundancia y dieta de la cotúa olivácea (Phalacrocorax olivaceus) en el Refugio de Fauna y Reserva de Pesca Ciénaga de Los Olivitos. Tesis de Maestría, Facultad Experimental de Ciencias, La Universidad del Zulia, Maracaibo, 82 pp.

Gil K, C Casler & E Weir. 2003. Biodiversidad en el Lago de Maracaibo, Campo Urdaneta Oeste. Venezuela, 267 pp. Shell Venezuela S.A, Maracaibo.

Gurjão LM, MA Furtado-Neto, RA Santos & P Cascon. 2003. Feeding habits of marine tucuxi, Sotalia fluviatilis, at Ceará state, northeastern Brazil. Latin American Journal of Aquatic Mammals. 2: 117-122. <https://dx.doi.org/10.5597/lajam00040>

Hyslop EJ. 1980. Stomach content analysis-a review of methods and their applications. Journal of Fish Biology 17: 411-429. <https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.1980.tb02775.x>

Kiszka JJ, MS Woodstock & MR Heithaus. 2022. Functional roles and ecological importance of small cetaceans in aquatic ecosystems. Frontiers in Marine Science 9, 803173. <https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2022.803173>

Mead JG. 2007. Stomach anatomy and use in defining systemic relationships of the cetacean family Ziphiidae (Beaked Whales). The Anatomical Record 290: 581-595. <https://doi.org/10.1002/ar.20536>

Mello CLC. 2010. Aspectos ecológicos da alimentação do boto-cinza, Sotalia guianensis, na Baía de Guanabara, Rio de Janeiro: comparações intra e interespecíficas. Tesis de Maestría. Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 114 pp.

Meza-Villalobos LA, L Meza-Espinoza, LD Espinosa-Chaurand, M Diaz-Ramírez & ADJ Cortés-Sánchez. 2023. Evaluación microbiológica de pescado (Cynoscion albus) destinado al consumo humano. Ciencia Latina Revista Científica Multidisciplinar 7(1): 1263-1283. <https://doi.org/10.37811/cl_rcm.v7i1.4480>

Montilla AJ, D Prieto-Torres, JL Hernández & M Cruz-Alvarado. 2014. Estudio hematológico de tortugas marinas Eretmochelys imbricata y Caretta caretta presentes en la Alta Guajira, Golfo de Venezuela. Revista Científica, FCV-LUZ 24(4): 363-371.

Moreira-Lopes X, E Da Silva, M Bassoi, RA Dos Santos & MCO Santos. 2012. Feeding habits of Guiana dolphins, Sotalia guianensis, from south-eastern Brazil: new items and a knowledge review. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 92(8): 1723-1733. <https://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0025315412000495>

Naranjo-Ruiz KL, A Delgado-Estrella, MRK Morquecho-León & YE Torres-Rojas. 2019. Determinación de peces presas consumidos por toninas (Tursiops truncatus) que vararon en la Isla del Carmen, Campeche. Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad 90, e902513. <https://doi.org/10.22201/ib.20078706e.2019.90.2513>

Nery M, M Especie & S Simão. 2008. Site fidelity of Sotalia guianensis (Cetacea: Delphinidae) in Sepetiba Bay, Rio de Janeriro, Brazil. Revista Brasileira de Zoología 25(2): 182-187. <https://doi.org/10.1590/S0101-81752008000200004>

Oliveira EC da S, R Tardin, F Poletto & S Simão. 2013. Coordinated feeding behavior of the Guiana dolphin, Sotalia guianensis (Cetacea: Delphinidae), in southeastern Brazil: a comparison between populations. Zoología 30(6): 585-591. <https://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1984-46702013005000013>

Pansard K. 2009. Ecología alimentar do boto cinza, Sotalia guianensis (Van Banédén, 1864), no litoral do Rio Grande do Norte. Tesis de Doctorado, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte. Centro de Biociências, 196 pp.

Parra L. 2002. Diagnóstico de la situación actual de las poblaciones de tortugas marinas en la Costa Occidental del Golfo de Venezuela, Estado Zulia. Tesis de Licenciatura, Departamento de Biología, Universidad del Zulia, Maracaibo, 179 pp.

Pauly D, AW Trites, E Capuli & V Christensen. 1998. Diet composition and trophic levels of marine mammals. Journal of Marine Science 55(3): 467-481. <https://doi.org/10.1006/jmsc.1997.0280>

Pinkas L, M Olifant & I Iverson. 1971. Food habits of Albacore, Bluefin Tuna, and Bonito in California waters. Fish Bulletin 152: 1-105.

Portocarrero-Aya M, A Ferrer, CA Lasso, M Ruiz-García, J Bolaños-Jiménez & S Caballero. 2010. Status, distribution and conservation of the river dolphins Inia geoffrensis and Sotalia spp. Venezuela. In: Trujillo F, E Crespo, PA van Damme & JS Usma (eds). The action plan for South American river dolphins, 2020, pp. 17-28. WDS, WDCS, Solamac. Bogotá, D.C.

Ramírez-Carroz S. 2005. Bases ecológicas para la conservación del delfín estuarino, Sotalia fluviatilis, en el Golfo de Venezuela. Tesis de Maestría, Universidad Nacional Experimental de los Llanos Occidentales “Ezequiel Zamora”, Barinas, 118 pp.

Ramos RMA, APM Di Beneditto & NRW Lima. 2000. Growth parameters of Pontoporia blainvillei and Sotalia fluviatilis (Cetacea) in northern Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Aquatic Mammals 26: 65-75.

Ripple WJ, JA Estes, RL Beschta, CC Wilmers, EG Ritchie, M Hebblewhite, J Berger, B Elmhagen, M Letnic, MP Nelson, OJ Schmitz, DW Smith, AD Wallach & AJ Wirsing. 2014. Status and ecological effects of the world's largest carnivores. Science 343(6167), 1241484. <https://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1241484>

Rodrigues VLA, LL Wedekin, MCC Marcondes, L Barboza & APC Farro. 2020. Diet and foraging opportunism of the Guiana Dolphin (Sotalia guianensis) in the Abrolhos Bank, Brazil. Marine Mammal Science 36: 436-450. <https://doi.org/10.1111/mms.12656>

Rosas FCW & ELA Monteiro-Filho. 2002. Reproduction of Sotalia guianensis on the coast of Paraná, southern Brazil. Journal of Mammalogy 83: 507-515. <https://doi.org/10.1644/1545-1542(2002)083%3C0507:ROTEDS%3E2.0.CO;2>

Rosas FCW, J Marigo, M Laeta & MR Rossi-Santos. 2010. Natural history of dolphins of the genus Sotalia. Latin American Journal of Aquatic Mammals 8: 57-68. <https://dx.doi.org/10.5597/lajam00154>

Rossi-Santos M & P Flores. 2009. Feeding strategies of the Guiana Dolphin Sotalia guianensis. The Open Marine Biology Journal 3: 70-76. <https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874450800903010070>

Rupil GM, JA Bogoni, L Barbosa, MCC Marcondes & AP Cazerta-Farro. 2018. Climate influences on Guiana dolphin diet along the Brazilian coast. Scientia Marina 82: 159-168. <https://doi.org/10.3989/scimar.04775.27A>

Santos MC, S Rosso, RA Santos, SH Bulizani & M Bassoi. 2002. Insights on small cetacean feeding habits in southeastern Brazil. Aquatic Mammals 28: 38-45.

Santos RA & M Haimovici. 2001. Cephalopods in the diet of marine mammals stranded or incidentally caught along southeastern and southern Brazil (21-34°S). Fisheries Research 52: 99-112. <https://doi.org/10.1016/S0165-7836(01)00234-X>

Secchi E, MC de O Santos & R Reeves. 2018. Sotalia guianensis (errata version published in 2019). The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018: e.T181359A144232542. <https://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T181359A144232542.en>

Tardin R, M Especie, M Nery, F D’Azeredo & S Simão. 2011. Coordinated feeding tactics of the Guiana dolphin, Sotalia guianensis (Cetacea: Delphinidae), in Ilha Grande Bay, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Zoología 28(3): 291-296. <https://doi.org/10.1590/S1984-46702011000300002>

Traviezo-Valles LE. 2022. Primer reporte de Anisakis sp. (Dujardin, 1845) en pez de la isla caribeña de Coche, Venezuela. Revista Amazónica de Ciencias Ambientales y Ecológicas 1(2), e383. <https://doi.org/10.51252/reacae.v1i2.383>

Vílchez I. 2006. Dieta del Delfín Estuarino Sotalia fluviatilis, en el Golfo de Venezuela. Tesis de Licenciatura, Facultad Experimental de Ciencias, La Universidad del Zulia, Maracaibo, 90 pp.

Vital N, E Brinatti-Guari, T Lemos-Bisi, L Flach, JL Brito-Junior & A de Freitas-Azevedo. 2024. Feeding habits of the Guiana dolphin, Sotalia guianensis, (Van Bénéden, 1864) (Cetacea: Delphinidae) in Sepetiba and Ilha Grande bays, southeastern Brazil. Regional Studies in Marine Science 73, 103446. <https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rsma.2024.103446>

Wells R, AB Irvine & M Scott. 1980. The social ecology of inshore Odontocetes. In: Herman LM (ed). Cetacean behavior mechanisms and function, pp. 263-317. Wiley, New York.

Descargas

Publicado

2025-12-21

Declaración de disponibilidad de datos

The data supporting the findings of this study are maintained in Excel databases and a photographic catalog of fish otoliths within the authors' personal files and are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.

Número

Sección

Nota Científica